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Week 3: Business Ethics and the Individual

 

“We may pretend that we are basically moral people who make mistakes, but the whole of history proves otherwise.”
 
Overview
 
People are quick to say that it is not the business that did bad things but the people who run the corporation. This week’s thrust is the examination of ethics from the individual’s perspective in the workplace. What ethical behaviors should the individual exhibit? And what behaviors should the individual expect from the business? Also discussed are several unique 21st century ethical issues facing the individual in the workplace.
 

Theme 1: Knowing Your Own Values and Ethics

 
Read/View
 
• Do The Right Thing: Making Ethical Decisions in Everyday Life
• What Are Your Values
• Living Your Values (1)
• Living Your Values (2)
• 27 Psychological Reasons Why Good People Do Bad Things

Theme 2: Unique Ethical Issues for the Individual

 
Below are several of the most common and contemporary ethical issues that employees face in the workplace.
 
Read/View
 
• Whistle blowing: Redefining Ethics
• Snowden and the Ethics of Whistle blowing
• Employee Behavior Standards in the Workplace
• Common Ethical Workplace Dilemmas
• Moral Issues Facing Employees
• Should Companies Monitor Workers’ Social Media?
• Why Monitoring Employees’ Social Media Is a Bad Idea
 

Week 1: Introduction to Business Ethics

 
“Integrity is doing the right thing, even when no one is watching.”
 
Overview
 
This week is an introduction to the philosophy of ethics. The focus is on the explanation of ethics, its place in life, and in the world of business. Fundamental concepts used in the study of ethics, terminology, and how ethics is applied to business are introduced.
 
Theme 1: What is Ethics?
 
Ethics is concerned with distinguishing between good and evil in the world, between right and wrong human actions, and between virtuous and non-virtuous characteristics of people. Ethics is the study of basic concepts and fundamental principles of decent human conduct. It includes the study of universal values such as the essential equality of all men and women, human or natural rights, obedience to the law of land, concern for health and safety, and, increasingly, also for the natural environment. Similarly, business ethics is the study of how businesses and individuals define and construct values and moral behavior in the conduct of business.
 
Read/View
 
• What is Ethics and Business Ethics?
• Definition: An Introductions and History Lesson on Business Ethics
• Defining Business Ethics: (The study of business ethics is about the study of ethics in relationship to the business environment)
 
• Born good? Babies help unlock the origins of morality (Are we born with a sense of ethics?)
• What is Ethics to You as a Person? (1)
• What is Ethics to You as a Person? (2)
 

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Theme 2: Why Study Business Ethics?

 
John Hooker of Carnegie Mellon University suggests business ethics revolves around the question “How can one do good by doing well?”
Studying ethics is good for the bottom line because business relationships are built on trust, respect and reputation. For instance, telling lies about a product or service offered, either through omission or directly, destroys trust in the selling or buying transaction. The loss of trust occurs immediately when the lie is caught and affects future years of potential transactions.
 
Volkswagen is one example to come under scrutiny for a bad ethical decision. In 2014, Volkswagen reported a profit of 2.5 billion Euros (Approximately $3.75 billion in 2014) (Cremer & Taylor, 2016). In 2015, the company lost 5.5 billion Euros (Approximately $8.25 billion in 2015) (Cremer & Taylor). In April 2016, the company announced they would put aside $18 billion to handle the fallout of potential losses from the emissions scandal (Cremer & Taylor). If you are subject to a bad service repair person do you call them a second time?
 
Week 2: Making an Ethical Decision.
 
“Ethics is not definable, is not implementable, because it is not conscious; it involves not only our thinking, but also our feeling.”
 

Overview
 
The focus this week is on the skill of making an ethical decision, which begins with a discussion of ethical theories and ends with the application process used in making a decision. Students should be able to understand how the various theories are used to make and evaluate a decision.
 
Theme 1: The Importance of Ethical Theory to making Ethical Decisions in Business
 
The study of concepts such as justice, good and evil behavior, moral right and wrong, values and mores have been the fodder of theologists, philosophers and legal scholars for centuries. Understanding some of the major theories will help to answers ethical dilemmas that occur in the workplace today.
 
Read/View
 
• Ethical Theory
• Ethical Theory: An Overview – Part 1
• Ethical Theory: An Overview – Part 2
• A Framework for Making Ethical Decisions
• A Framework for Thinking Ethically
• Utilitarianism
• Kant’s Theory
• Business Ethics-Ethical Behavior
 

Theme 2: Determining Ethical Behavior is the Hardest Part of Studying Ethics

 
Determining an ethical answer to an ethical dilemma is difficult for an individual or corporation. Doing so requires a process or mechanism to identify the ethical issue or question and then gain an understanding of ethical theories and/or moral guidelines (e.g. personal or corporate code of ethics) to arrive at functional choices from which a decision can be made. This week, the best way to make an ethical decision and the major categories that ethical dilemmas in business occur are examined.
 
Read/View
 
• Making an Ethical Decision
• Ethical Decision Making
• Ethical Egoism
• Chapter 2 Saylor Business Ethics
• Moral Issues Facing Employees
• Making the Best “Right” Decision
• Employers Duty of Loyalty to Employees
 

Week 3: Business Ethics and the Individual

 
“We may pretend that we are basically moral people who make mistakes, but the whole of history proves otherwise.”
 
Overview
 
People are quick to say that it is not the business that did bad things but the people who run the corporation. This week’s thrust is the examination of ethics from the individual’s perspective in the workplace. What ethical behaviors should the individual exhibit? And what behaviors should the individual expect from the business? Also discussed are several unique 21st century ethical issues facing the individual in the workplace.
 

 
Read/View
 
• Do The Right Thing: Making Ethical Decisions in Everyday Life
• What Are Your Values
• Living Your Values (1)
• Living Your Values (2)
• 27 Psychological Reasons Why Good People Do Bad Things
 

Theme 2: Unique Ethical Issues for the Individual

 
Below are several of the most common and contemporary ethical issues that employees face in the workplace.
 
Read/View
 
• Whistleblowing: Redefining Ethics
• Snowden and the Ethics of Whistleblowing
• Employee Behavior Standards in the Workplace
• Common Ethical Workplace Dilemmas
• Moral Issues Facing Employees
• Should Companies Monitor Workers’ Social Media?
• Why Monitoring Employees’ Social Media Is a Bad Ide

 
Theme 1: Do Corporations Have a Conscience?
 
The idea of a corporation evolved as a legal fiction, which identified a business as a “person” separating it from the people who own or run the business. This fiction was invented to protect business owners from personal liability for business failures. Its invention encouraged commerce by making it more inviting for people to invest in new businesses. The question then becomes, Can a piece of paper identifying the business as a “corporate person” be a person in the true sense of the word? Can corporations make ethical decisions just as you or I can do? Some philosophers viewed the corporation as a machine and argued that because of its structure that a corporation cannot make ethical decisions, and thus that it cannot be held to be ethically responsible. Only the people running the corporation can be held ethically responsible. But others, like Kenneth Goodpaster and John Mathews, suggested that the corporation decision structure, like the individual can collect data, monitor work, employee and business conditions, environmental issues (internal and external) and; therefore, should be able to decide in the same rational way as the individual. Trends with recent Supreme Court decisions in the US suggest that the notion of how “alive” a corporation is may be changing.
 
The debate over whether corporations have a conscience is fundamental to the idea of whether they should be expected to act ethically. To hold a business responsible for its moral actions in society it is necessary to determine whether the company can act like the individual or it is the people who run
 
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Summary