Architecture-QA313 online

Architecture-QA313 online Services

1. (20 points) Short Questions

a. (4 points)When comparing to the Harvard architecture, name one advantage and one disadvantage of the Von Neumann architecture

Advantage: ______________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Disadvantage:____________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

b. (2 points) In Arduino lab #3, why is it not a good idea to store/retrieve temporary data in the EEPROM?
c.

d. (4 points) For an Intel processor, what are the memory contents after executing the following instructions?

movl $0x89ABCDEF, %eax
movl %eax, 0x100100

100100: ______
100101: ______
100102: ______
100103: ______

e. (4 points) What is the advantage and disadvantage of using dynamic random access memory (DRAM)?

Advantage: ______________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

Disadvantage:____________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

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Related Services

f. (2points) For the mp1 tutor program running on the ulab, what happens when we do md 100100 ?

(2 points)For the mp1 tutor program running on the
tutor VM, what happens when we do md 100100?

(2 points) Why are the results different?

2. (20 points) Evaluations

a. (10 points) Memory at address 0x00100250 contains the following 16 bytes of data:

00100250 58 0210 00 01 23 45 67
89 abcd ef00 01 10 11

%esp = 0x 00100254

Show the contents of the %eaxand %espregister
afterexecuting the following instruction:

popl %eax

%eax = _________________________

%esp= __________________________

b. (10 points) Show the hex value of the %eax register and state of the specified condition flags after executing the following instructions.

movl $0xffff ffff, %eax
addl $0x1, %eax

%eax = _________________ CF = ____

SF = ____ ZF = ____ OF = ____

3. (20 points) Computer Architecture

How come the following cupid program does not get the right result in a Harvard architecture machine

#code to get the ID of CPU using instruction 0x0fa2
_cpuid

movb $0x0f, cpuid1 # patch in the cpuid first byte
movb $0xa2, cpuid2 # patch in the cpuid second byte
movl $0,%eax # input to cpuid for ID value
cpuid1: # hex for cpuid instruction here
nop # 0x0f replaces 0x90
cpuid2:
nop # 0xa2 replaces 0x90
. . .

4. (40 points) Assembly language program

Write a C callable assembly language function (lower.s) to changean array of upper characters to
lower case.

The function prototype in C is

extern void lower(char * a);

The function uses the pointer argument to read an array ofcharacters.Your assembly language programconverts upper case characters to lower case and stores the result in the samearray.For characters that are not upper case, leave them unchanged.

The C main program that calls the assembly language function is shown as follows:

/* lowerc.c: C driver for the convert function
*/

#include extern void lower(char *a);

int main()
{
char input[]= “LAUGH OUT LOUD (lol)”;
printf(“Before conversion:%s\n”, input);
lower(input);
printf(“After conversion:%s\n”, input);
return 0;
}

Answers

1. Short Questions
a. Advantage of Von Neumann architecture

Program and data memory in 1 address space. More efficient use of memory space

Disadvantage of Von Neumann architecture

It is slower because program and data memory location has to be accessed sequentially. Cannot do parallel fetch and decode.

b. EEPROM has a limited lifetime number in terms of the number of times it can be read/written.
2.

c. Intel processors store data in memory using the little Endian format:
100100: 0xEF
100101: 0xCD
100102: 0xAB
100103: 0x89

d. Advantage

DRAMs are higher density, fast access and low cost

Disadvantage

DRAMs need to be refreshed periodically in order to retain the memory.

e. In the ulab, md 0x100100 will result in a segmentation fault.

In the tutor VM, md 0x100100 will display the contents of the 16 bytes starting at location 0x100100.

The reason for the different result is that the UNIX OS in ulab prevents the tutor application from accessing memory locations that it does not have permission to access.

f. Evaluations

a. 00100250 58 02 10 00 01 23 45 67

89 ab cd ef00 01 10 11

%esp%eax (little endian)

Product code: Architecture-QA313

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Summary